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Plastic Surgery History In Brief |
The history of plastic surgery
dates
from the 700's
BC. The first surgeon of the world was Sushruta Samhita who lived and
practiced in the the area of today's Varanasi in Northern India. In
his book Sushruta classifies surgery in 8 categories, describes over
120 surgical instruments and 300
various procedures mentioning otoplasty and rhinoplasty.
Surgeons of ancient India performed many difficult techniques like
skin grafting – skin reconstruction used in case of trauma,
burn or
wounding which involves the transplantation of tissue.
The Romance made such simple
procedures as ear
repairing since the 1st century BC. In medieval
Europe the
nose transplantation was applied, however the plastic surgery
procedures remained rather dangerous as well as painful. Only when
the anesthesia techniques were established plastic surgery became
more common.
With the invention of infection
reducing sterile
techniques and antibiotics plastic
surgery
methods were much
perfected. Thus in 1814 Joseph Carpue operated on a British military
officer whose nose was lost during mercury treatment. Facial plastic
surgery was developing with great strides, and in 1818 a new
method
of nose transplantation was described in
“Rhinoplastik” by German
surgeon Carl Von Graefe. The know-how consisted in the skin grafting
from the arm in contrast to the delayed pedicle flap which was used
before. In 1845 some important nuances of cosmetic plastic surgery,
especially rhinoplasty, were depicted in “Operative
Chirurgie” by
Dieffenbach.
John Peter Mettauer is the first
plastic surgery
specialist in the USA. In 1827 he successfully performed the first
cleft palate using the surgical instruments designed by himself. Sir
Harold Gillies, a New Zealand-born otolaryngologist, was considered
the father of modern plastic surgery. He was also a pioneer of sex
reassignment surgery.
Nowadays cosmetic
plastic
surgery, including such
procedures as breast
augmentation, face rejuvenation and thigh lift,
has become commonplace and one can't foresee what will be invented
the next.
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